{"id":1611,"date":"2026-04-19T16:35:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:35:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/galiza.hopto.org\/fiosdenovas\/?p=1611"},"modified":"2026-04-19T16:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:53:38","slug":"china-planta-cara-as-sancions-unha-reaccion-inevitabel-nun-sistema-xa-tensionado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/galiza.hopto.org\/fiosdenovas\/2026\/04\/china-planta-cara-as-sancions-unha-reaccion-inevitabel-nun-sistema-xa-tensionado\/","title":{"rendered":"China planta cara \u00e1s sanci\u00f3ns: unha reacci\u00f3n inevitable nun sistema xa tensionado"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

A<\/span> nova<\/span> normativa<\/span> aprobada<\/span> por<\/span> China<\/span> para<\/span> contrarrestar<\/span> as<\/span> sanci\u00f3ns<\/span> extraterritoriais<\/span> marca<\/span> un<\/span> punto<\/span> de<\/span> inflexi\u00f3n<\/span> na<\/span> econom\u00eda<\/span> global,<\/span> pero<\/span> non<\/span> deber\u00eda<\/span> interpretarse<\/span> como<\/span> o<\/span> inicio<\/span> dunha<\/span> escalada,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> como<\/span> a<\/span> s\u00faa<\/span> resposta<\/span> a<\/span> un<\/span> monopolio<\/span> que<\/span> Washington<\/span> manti\u00f1o<\/span> durante<\/span> sete<\/span> d\u00e9cadas<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neste<\/span> contexto,<\/span> a<\/span> resposta<\/span> chinesa<\/span> non<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> unha<\/span> anomal\u00eda,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> unha<\/span> reacci\u00f3n<\/span> previs\u00edbel<\/span> e<\/span> necesaria.<\/span> Cando<\/span> unha<\/span> potencia<\/span> imp\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> facto<\/span> as<\/span> regras<\/span> do<\/span> xogo<\/span> global<\/span> \u2014baixo<\/span> ameaza<\/span> de<\/span> exclusi\u00f3n<\/span> do<\/span> seu<\/span> mercado<\/span> ou<\/span> do<\/span> sistema<\/span> financeiro<\/span> internacional\u2014,<\/span> o<\/span> resto<\/span> de<\/span> actores<\/span> vense<\/span> obrigados<\/span> a<\/span> adaptarse<\/span> ou<\/span> a<\/span> resistir.<\/span> China,<\/span> polo<\/span> seu<\/span> peso<\/span> econ\u00f3mico<\/span> e<\/span> pol\u00edtico,<\/span> optou<\/span> pola<\/span> segunda<\/span> v\u00eda<\/span> non<\/span> por<\/span> ambici\u00f3n,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> por<\/span> supervivencia<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

O<\/span> regulamento<\/span> chin\u00e9s<\/span> introduce<\/span> mecanismos<\/span> como<\/span> a<\/span> prohibici\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> cumprir<\/span> determinadas<\/span> sanci\u00f3ns<\/span> estranxeiras,<\/span> a<\/span> posibilidade<\/span> de<\/span> reclamar<\/span> compensaci\u00f3ns<\/span> ou<\/span> a<\/span> creaci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> listas<\/span> negras<\/span> de<\/span> entidades<\/span> consideradas<\/span> host\u00eds.<\/span> Estas<\/span> medidas<\/span> non<\/span> crean<\/span> o<\/span> conflito;<\/span> revelan<\/span> que<\/span> o<\/span> conflito<\/span> xa<\/span> exist\u00eda<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> s\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> camuflado<\/span> baixo<\/span> a<\/span> ilusi\u00f3n<\/span> dunha<\/span> “econom\u00eda<\/span> global<\/span> libre”<\/span> que<\/span> nunca<\/span> foi<\/span> tal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Durante<\/span> anos,<\/span> moitas<\/span> compa\u00f1\u00edas<\/span> xa<\/span> estaban<\/span> sometidas<\/span> a<\/span> este<\/span> dilema,<\/span> a\u00ednda<\/span> que<\/span> de<\/span> forma<\/span> asim\u00e9trica<\/span> e<\/span> unilateral.<\/span> A<\/span> presi\u00f3n<\/span> vi\u00f1a<\/span> principalmente<\/span> de<\/span> Estados<\/span> Unidos,<\/span> cuxa<\/span> capacidade<\/span> de<\/span> influencia<\/span> global<\/span> convert\u00eda<\/span> as<\/span> s\u00faas<\/span> sanci\u00f3ns<\/span> nun<\/span> est\u00e1ndar<\/span> de<\/span> facto<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> Basta<\/span> recordar<\/span> Cuba,<\/span> Venezuela<\/span> ou<\/span> Ir\u00e1n<\/span> para<\/span> comprendre<\/span> que<\/span> as<\/span> sanci\u00f3ns<\/span> extraterritoriais<\/span> non<\/span> son<\/span> invenci\u00f3n<\/span> recente<\/span> de<\/span> China,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> unha<\/span> pr\u00e1ctica<\/span> consolidada<\/span> de<\/span> Washington.<\/span> A<\/span> intervenci\u00f3n<\/span> de<\/span> China<\/span> rompe<\/span> esa<\/span> unilateralidade<\/span> e<\/span> transforma<\/span> o<\/span> escenario<\/span> nun<\/span> sistema<\/span> onde<\/span> xa<\/span> non<\/span> existe<\/span> un<\/span> \u00fanico<\/span> poder<\/span> capaz<\/span> de<\/span> impor<\/span> as<\/span> regras<\/span> sen<\/span> contestaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Isto<\/span> introduce<\/span> unha<\/span> incerteza<\/span> evidente,<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> non<\/span> porque<\/span> China<\/span> sexa<\/span> agresiva,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> porque<\/span> rompe<\/span> cun<\/span> privilexio<\/span> que<\/span> parec\u00eda<\/span> intoc\u00e1bel<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> As<\/span> multinacionais<\/span> deben<\/span> avaliar<\/span> riscos<\/span> non<\/span> s\u00f3<\/span> econ\u00f3micos,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> tam\u00e9n<\/span> legais<\/span> e<\/span> pol\u00edticos,<\/span> o<\/span> que<\/span> pode<\/span> alterar<\/span> fluxos<\/span> de<\/span> investimento<\/span> e<\/span> cadeas<\/span> de<\/span> subministraci\u00f3n.<\/span> Mais<\/span> reducir<\/span> esta<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> a<\/span> unha<\/span> simple<\/span> “fragmentaci\u00f3n<\/span> provocada<\/span> por<\/span> China”<\/span> ser\u00eda<\/span> unha<\/span> lectura<\/span> incompleta<\/span> e<\/span> tendenciosa.<\/span> O<\/span> proceso<\/span> de<\/span> fragmentaci\u00f3n<\/span> xa<\/span> estaba<\/span> en<\/span> marcha<\/span> desde<\/span> o<\/span> momento<\/span> en<\/span> que<\/span> EEUU<\/span> decidiu<\/span> usar<\/span> as<\/span> sanci\u00f3ns<\/span> como<\/span> arma<\/span> xeopol\u00edtica<\/span><\/span>;<\/span> o<\/span> que<\/span> fai<\/span> Pequ\u00edn<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> aceleralo<\/span> e<\/span> facelo<\/span> vis\u00edbel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desde<\/span> unha<\/span> perspectiva<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> ampla,<\/span> estamos<\/span> ante<\/span> unha<\/span> disputa<\/span> pola<\/span> capacidade<\/span> de<\/span> definir<\/span> as<\/span> regras<\/span> do<\/span> comercio<\/span> internacional.<\/span> China<\/span> non<\/span> est\u00e1<\/span> abandonando<\/span> a<\/span> globalizaci\u00f3n,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> cuestionando<\/span> un<\/span> modelo<\/span> monopol\u00edstico<\/span> no<\/span> que<\/span> as<\/span> normas<\/span> vi\u00f1an<\/span> determinadas<\/span> en<\/span> gran<\/span> medida<\/span> por<\/span> Estados<\/span> Unidos<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> O<\/span> seu<\/span> obxectivo<\/span> non<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> illarse,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> ga\u00f1ar<\/span> marxe<\/span> de<\/span> manobra,<\/span> protexer<\/span> a<\/span> s\u00faa<\/span> soberan\u00eda<\/span> econ\u00f3mica<\/span> e<\/span> establecer<\/span> que<\/span> ningu\u00e9n<\/span> pode<\/span> impor<\/span> unilateralmente<\/span> as<\/span> regras<\/span> do<\/span> xogo<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span> paradoxa<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> que<\/span> esta<\/span> defensa<\/span> lex\u00edtima<\/span> da<\/span> soberan\u00eda<\/span> contribu\u00ede<\/span> a<\/span> debilitar<\/span> o<\/span> marco<\/span> global<\/span> que<\/span> fixo<\/span> pos\u00edbel<\/span> o<\/span> crecemento<\/span> das<\/span> \u00faltimas<\/span> d\u00e9cadas.<\/span> Mais<\/span> esa<\/span> paradoxa<\/span> ten<\/span> culpables<\/span> claros:<\/span> non<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> China<\/span> a<\/span> que<\/span> fragmenta<\/span> o<\/span> sistema,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> o<\/span> monopolio<\/span> estadounidense<\/span> o<\/span> que<\/span> o<\/span> fragmentou<\/span> primeiro<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> Canto<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> se<\/span> blindan<\/span> as<\/span> grandes<\/span> potencias,<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> dif\u00edcil<\/span> resulta<\/span> manter<\/span> un<\/span> sistema<\/span> aberto<\/span> e<\/span> previs\u00edbel,<\/span> pero<\/span> ese<\/span> blindaxe<\/span> non<\/span> comeza<\/span> agora:<\/span> comezou<\/span> hai<\/span> d\u00e9cadas<\/span> cando<\/span> Washington<\/span> decidiu<\/span> que<\/span> pod\u00eda<\/span> impor<\/span> as<\/span> s\u00faas<\/span> leis<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> al\u00e1<\/span> das<\/span> s\u00faas<\/span> fronteiras.<\/span><\/p>\n

En<\/span> \u00faltima<\/span> instancia,<\/span> o<\/span> que<\/span> revela<\/span> esta<\/span> situaci\u00f3n<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> o<\/span> esgotamento<\/span> dun<\/span> equilibrio<\/span> que<\/span> nunca<\/span> foi<\/span> tal.<\/span> As<\/span> sanci\u00f3ns<\/span> extraterritoriais<\/span> non<\/span> eran<\/span> neutrais,<\/span> e<\/span> a<\/span> s\u00faa<\/span> expansi\u00f3n<\/span> sen<\/span> l\u00edmite<\/span> fac\u00eda<\/span> inevitable<\/span> unha<\/span> resposta<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> China<\/span> decidiu<\/span> dar<\/span> ese<\/span> paso,<\/span> asumindo<\/span> os<\/span> custos<\/span> e<\/span> os<\/span> riscos<\/span> que<\/span> conleva<\/span> romper<\/span> cun<\/span> monopolio.<\/span> Non<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> unha<\/span> decisi\u00f3n<\/span> f\u00e1cil,<\/span> pero<\/span> era<\/span> a<\/span> \u00fanica<\/span> que<\/span> lle<\/span> permit\u00eda<\/span> manterse<\/span> de<\/span> p\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

O<\/span> resultado<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> un<\/span> mundo<\/span> no<\/span> que<\/span> o<\/span> comercio<\/span> xa<\/span> non<\/span> pode<\/span> separarse<\/span> da<\/span> pol\u00edtica<\/span> \u2014nunca<\/span> pudo,<\/span> pero<\/span> agora<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> inneg\u00e1bel\u2014,<\/span> e<\/span> no<\/span> que<\/span> as<\/span> regras<\/span> deixan<\/span> de<\/span> ser<\/span> universais<\/span> para<\/span> converterse<\/span> en<\/span> obxecto<\/span> de<\/span> disputa.<\/span> Non<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> un<\/span> escenario<\/span> novo:<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> o<\/span> mesmo<\/span> que<\/span> existiu<\/span> sempre,<\/span> s\u00f3<\/span> que<\/span> agora<\/span> hai<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> dun<\/span> xogador<\/span> nas<\/span> regras<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> E,<\/span> sobre<\/span> todo,<\/span> \u00e9<\/span> un<\/span> escenario<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> honesto,<\/span> porque<\/span> deixa<\/span> clara<\/span> a<\/span> realidade<\/span> que<\/span> sempre<\/span> estivo<\/span> oculta:<\/span> que<\/span> o<\/span> sistema<\/span> internacional<\/span> nunca<\/span> foi<\/span> libre,<\/span> sen\u00f3n<\/span> condicionado<\/span> aos<\/span> intereses<\/span> de<\/span> quen<\/span> ti\u00f1a<\/span> m\u00e1is<\/span> poder.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A nova normativa aprobada por China para contrarrestar as sanci\u00f3ns extraterritoriais marca un punto de inflexi\u00f3n na econom\u00eda global, pero non deber\u00eda interpretarse como o inicio dunha escalada, sen\u00f3n como a s\u00faa resposta a...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nChina planta cara \u00e1s sanci\u00f3ns: unha reacci\u00f3n inevitable nun sistema xa tensionado - F\u00edos de Novas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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